Apparatus for mixing fluids.



PATBNTED MAIL 19, 19o?. L

v C. A. CARLSON.

. APPARATUS FOR MIXING FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED AUGA. 1905.

a e a .A c e l CHARLES A. CARLSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

APPARATUSl Fon n'mxme.v FLulDs.

' Specication of Letters Ilatent.T

Patent- 1 Maren-19, i907.

Application `filed August 4,1905. Serial No. 272,790.

To all whom it ymay concern:l

l i Be it known that I, CHARLES A. CARLSON,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Ch1cago,'Cook countIllinois, have inventved a newand usefu A paratus .for Mixing Fluids, ofwhich the fol owing is a specification.

My, invention relates`l to the 'mixing of fluids, as liquids and gases,and has more particularly to do with the mixing of gaseswith liquids, asis done, for instance, in the carbonatmg of hquids to produceeffervescent beverages, although my method and apparatus are equallywell adapted for use in ringing about the admixture of liquids withliquids and gases with gases.

The object of my invention is to provide la simple and efficientapparatus for eecting a particularlyvintimate admixture of fluids,

and one form of'apparatus which I havedesigned for and have foundparticularly efficient in accomplishing this end is illustrated in theannexed drawingy and described in the succeedin' portions .of thespecification.

In the rawing, Figure Y1 is across-sectional elevation of a mixingapparatus embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional elevationof a modified arrangement of one of the parts ofVv the mixer.

` part. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of still another modification.Fig. 5 is a cross-section talren on the line 5 5 of Fig. 4, and Fig. 6is a view in cross-section of a-modiied arrangement ofthe form shown in'Fig 3.

In the articular form of apparatus illus-- 'trated t e mixing apparatuscomprises,

primarily, an outer tube a and an inner tube means of lower chamber a*ism commumcation. with concentric with the outer tube. Between the twotubes is formed an annular channel a3, which lcommunicates at its lowerend with .a chamber a4, formed in the base of the outerA tube a., and`at its u per end with the chamber t', formed within a cylindrical casingt, secured to the toglrof the outer tube a by a screw-teadedcoiinection. The

|of p a truncated cone, tapering Fig, 3 is a view in `cross-section ofanother modification of said.

. end of t e channel vto the other.

erating with an internal I The inner tube i's in the present instanceseated lin a plug c, having screw-threaded connection with an o` eniiigat the end of the outer tube a, and is a so preferably provided withexterior plane faces c?, adapted to be enJ' 6o A place. r[he plug isprovided with a passage gaged by a wrench in screwing the plug into c",leadingcentrally through its 'interior and commnicatin directly with theinterior of the inner tube assage c3' communicates with a supply-pi eprovided at one end with a series ofannu ar flanges or corrugations dfor holding the supply-pipe connected with it firmly vin place and atthe other'end with a flange which abuts against a washer s, interposedbe-l At its other end the central tween it and anexternally-screw-threaded nipple tor tailpiece projecting from the baseof the plug c, the supply-pipe d being held to the nip le in the presentinstance by' a sleeve e, aving a fiange coperating with the terminalflange of the inletipe and having wings, to aid in turning it. lhe upperend c ug c is made substantially in the form of from its base toward thepoint where the inner tube is seated, This formation causes thefiuidwhich flows in through the assage af to be deiiected upwardly in aholow stream into the passage n.3 between the inner and outer tubes. Inthe passage a3 lare placed (p which break up the stream of fiui andcause it to flow in a tortuous path. In Figs. land 2 the rojections arein the form of a continu; ous rid e Of helical form, extendin from one nthe forml illustrated in Fig.- 1 the ridge lconsists cfa separatehelix'a, of wire or other suitable material, secured in pos'tion inthe-channel.

The ridge, however, may preferably be inthe form of a thread lcut in theinner wall of thread mfn. o', respective in its interior a the threadsof the louter tube l, as shownin Fig. 2. In Fig.

which there maybe any de.-

ioo

the various sections being" a teriiatively right and left handed tobringabout in each section a reversal of the direction of How' oftheflu-i'din the channel. 1

s illustrated in Fig. 6, the internal diam- IOSV eter of the-sections mInI may be'increased at their 'ends to forni chambers r which serve toconnect the alternatelyrighly and left handedy plan in Fig. 5.'

l Whic the path of flow parts having channels m n,1and-'within whichthe`A reversal of flow takes place. In Fig. 4 the means illustrated forbreaking up the-flow and caus-l ing the fluid to travel in a tortuouspath consists of a number of lugs p,,projecting from the interior wallofthe outertnbe p, this tub'e, with its interiory projections, beingshown in Although in Vthe various ln rodifications shown in the drawingthe projections or ridges have been illustrated as being carried upon`or; formed integrally with the inner wall of the outer tube, it will ofcourse-be understood that they might equally well be carried upon orformed integrally with the outer Wal of the .innerftube so long as theyare located in a position to be interposed in 1n thechannel. It willalso be understood that the tubes may be made of any desired lengthsuliicient to, bring about the required degree of admixture of thefluids. In practice I have found that very satisfactory'results areobtained with approximately the dimensions of those shown 1n thedrawing.

The upper end of the inner tube b may be closed, as shown in the presentinstance, the side wall, however, being perforated at a number of pointsb to permit the flow of fluidfrorn the inner tube to the channel a3 ofthe outertube. The perforations. or assages b areplaced at frequentintervals a ong the path of flow of the fluid in the channel a3 andvmay'consist of several series of holes drilled radially in the outerwall or shell of the inner tube b.

In the chamber t at the end of the channel a3 I prefer to provide adeilecting device f, which may be in the form of a disk having aconcaved face presented, toward the end of the channel a3 and which maybe suitably secured to the upper end of the inner tube b. The oilicewhich this part performs is to intercept the fluid as it passes fromthe'channel a3 and to spread it out and throw it back upon itself andinto proximity to a series of holes or passages b3 1n the upper. end ofthe inner tube b.

The chamber tA is formed by the cylinder t, which in the presentinstance is shown of glass as used in sight-feed devices, but which maybe ofV any lsuitable material. IThis cylinder is clamped by means ofbolts 7c, rovided with nuts c, between the flanges `o the two ieces gand h,.the first mentioned of liscrewed tothe top of the outer tube c,

with a washer s', of suitable material, interposed between the .abuttingportionswhile' the pieceh has. a hollow externally-screwthrea ledextension which is ysecured to the nozzle'jfadapted to connect with thedelivery-.pipe by lmeans of a Winged and; internally-,screwrthreadedsleeve'fi, a washer .$3 besupply-pipe d into the inner tube inginterposed at thepoint'where the nozzle j and the extension ofthe pieceh abut.

In practicing my invention by means of theapparatus illustratedanddescribed one of the fluids is led in a suitable manner to-the extensiona2 of the outer tube a, whence it flows by way of channel a5 intochannel a3, lying betweenthe outer and the inner'tubes. The other fluidlis caused to flow by way of b, whence 1t escapes into thechannel aa bywayfof the perforations or passages lb and `there min-y gles with theother fluid.' Both fluids are supplied, preferably, at substantially thesame y pressure, which may, if'desired, be varied to secure anyrequired` degree of admixture, and by preference the pressure issuilicient to cause a rapid flow of the fluid in the channel a3, therapidity being also dependent upon the rate vof outflow as permitted bythe operator. On account of the projections in this channel-the helicalridges of Figs. lf2, and 3 and the lugs of Figs. 4 and 5-the stream offluid is broken up and caused to llow in a tortuous path, and into theagitated stream thus produced and at a number of points along its paththe other fluid is projected as jets from the inner tube b by way ofthe'passages b. The nature of the channel in which the lluid in theouter tubeilowsis such as to put itin a condition'to be rapidly,intimately, and uniformly mixed with the portion of the other fluid thatis projected into it at each of the many points along its channel, withtheresult thatit is speedily saturated with the fluid supplied by Way oftheinnertube. As the' stream leaves the channel a3 and strikes thedeflectorf it is broken up and thrown back into proximity to the holesorl passages b3 at the top of the inner tube b, where it receives itslinal charge of the fluid supplied by that tube.

The intimate mixing of two fluids by theV method and apparatus of myinvention is so rapid as to bel practically instantaneous, and as aresult the mixture may immediately be drawn oil for use, or it may, ifdesired, be conducted to a reservoir, which, however,

plays no part in the Inixing operation.

By so disposing the rid es or projections in the channel a3 that the(irect longitudinal channel is not entirely closed, as by arranging theridge so that it is slightlyseparated from the innertube, asshown inFig. 1, a certain portion of theiluid ,will tend to flow directlythrough the 'channel from one end to `the other, and this portion willinterfere to a certain extent with thehelical ilow, and thus tend tofurther increase fluid. Y j

. In employing the particular apparatus described and illustratedfor thepurpose of carbonating water I connect the Waterthe agitation of the IOOIIO

IIC

supply with the extension (1,2 of the outer tube I with an outer tubeprovided with a tortuous a, and the supply ol carbonic-acid gas with thecorrugated end d of' the extension d of' the inner tube b.

Altlmugh in describing one manner in which m v invention may bepracticed I have described more or less precise forms and dev tails ofconstruction, I do not intend to limit myself' thereto, as I contemplatechanges in form, proportions of' parts, and the substitution ol.'equivalents as circumstances may suggest or render expedient withoutdeparting Vfrom the spirit or scope of my invention and cl aims.

My invention involves the novel method or process of mixing fluids, aswell as the novel apparatus described herein for effecting this result,but the claims upon the method or process I reserve for anotherapplication.

I claiml.. A mixing apparatus comprising a body.

and a spiral path therebeyond, said tube having a series of openings inposition to direct gas into the body of water circulating in said spiralpath.

3. A mixing apparatus comprising a part having two channelscommunicating with each other through a plurality of passages, one ofsaid channels which is a water-passage being tortuous and the otherwhich is a gaspassage being straight, and a mixing-chamber arranged tocommunicate with one of said channels at a point beyond the initialcommingling of the water and gas.

4. A mixing apparatus, comprising a part provided with two concentricchannels communicating with each other through a plurality of passages,the outer one of said channels being in the form of an alternately rightand left handed helix. Y

` 5. In a mixing apparatus, the combination with an outer tube adaptedto be connected with a supply of fiuid, of an inner tube adapted to beconnected with a supply of another fluid, a helical ridge lying betweenthe two tubes and adapted to cause the fluid in the outer tube to fiowin a circuitous path, a plurality of perforations in the wall of theinner tube, and a part at the end of the outer tube-passage adapted tospread the fluid fiowing therethrough.

6. In a mixing apparatus, the combination passage on its inner wall, andan inner tube communicating with said passage through a plurality ofperforations along its length, of a chamber at one end of the passage ofthe outer tube adapted to communicate with a source of fluid-supply, andprovided with a substantially conical projection concentric with theinnertube and having its apex presented toward the channel in the outertube.

7. In a mixing apparatus, the combination with an outer tube providedwith a ltortuous passage on its inner wall, and an inner tubecommunicating with the passage in the outer tube through a plurality ofperforations along its length,l of a chamber at one end of thepassage ofthe outer tube adapted to communicate with a source of fluid-supply, andprovided with a substantially conical projection concentric with theinner tube, and having its apex presented toward the channel in theouter tube, and a chamber at the other end of the passage in said outertube and in communication with the delivery-pipe, said chambercontaining a part adapted to deflect and spread the fluid as it isdelivered from the end of the` channel in the outer tube.

S. In a mixing apparatus, the combina-l `ing with4 the channel in theouter tube through a plurality of passages, and a device be ond the endof the channel inthe outer tu e adapted to cause Huid passing throughsaid channel to be deflected back into proximity .to the passage in theinner tube.

9. In a mixing apparatus, the combination with a part having a channelfor the flow of a fiuid,of a deflectorf arranged at the outer side ofsaid channel to break up and turn back the flow and a tube having `aperforation adjacent to said defiector and adapted to deliver a streamof another fluid into the stream of the first-mentioned Huid where it isbroken up and turned back.

10. In a fluid-mixing apparatus, the combination with an outer tube aand an inner tube b having a channel a3 therebetween, said inner tubebeing erforated at a number of points along said c annel, of anextension a2 of said outer tube carrying an extension@5 of said channel,and a part c of truncated conical form arranged at the bottom of saidchannel a3 with its apex directed toward said channel.

11. In a fluid-mixing apparatus, the cornbination with an outer tube a,and an inner tube b concentric therewith and provided with a number ofperforations b", of a helical ridge arranged in the space between saidtubes, a deflectorf arranged at the end ofthe IOO with perforationsHector. 12. A mixing a 5 bular portion ma Vb3 adjacent to said deparatuscomprising a tue 1n separate sectlons, the

inner Walls of such sections respectively being in the form of handhelices, and a alternately right and left gas-tube arranged@oneentrieally Within said tubular portion and having a plurality ofopenings through which 1o gas is discharged into the Water passingthrough such tubular portion.

CHARLES A. CARLSON. Witnesses:

EDWIN H.' SMYTHE, \LOU1s P. ERWIN.

